A concise review of gingival depigmentation techniques and re-pigmentation

Abstract

Gingiva pigmentation has an impact on patient’s esthetics and formulates pscyhological negativity. Gingival pigmentation is most predominant and endogenous pigmentation among oral mucosa. The gingival pigmentation can be physiologic and pathologic. It can be a genetic trait in some population. The physiologic melanin pigmentation does not possess a medical problem, it is mainly associated with individuals with high smile line and excessive gingival display. Pigmentation of gingiva is due to deposition of melanin in basal and suprabasal layer of epithelium. The gingival depigmentation is a esthetical correction technique where hyperpigmentation is removed. The treatment depends on patient need and skin complexion. Proper treatment method is required for treating the unesthetic gingival pigmentation. Perio-esthectic is focused on proper equilibrium of both pink and white(teeth) tissue. To overcome this problem wide array of method are put forth which include scalpel method, cryosurgery, gingival ablation method, electrocautery, chemical method, lasers and grafts. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages.