Influence of the Residual Ridge Widths and Implant Thread Designs on Implant Positioning Using Static Implant Guided Surgery

Abstract

Purpose: Aggressive implant macrothread designs have been widely used. However, the effects of the aggressive thread design on the accuracy of static guided surgery, especially in a case of narrow residual ridge, have not been well-studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different implant macrothread designs and the residual ridge widths on the accuracy of tooth-supported static guided implant surgery. Materials and methods: Forty implant fixtures with two different macrodesigns: a conventional thread design bone level tapered (BLT), and an aggressive thread design bone level tapered (BLX) were placed in 40 simulated polyurethane models with narrow and wide residual ridges. The placed implant positions were compared with the planned implant position and angulational deviation, as well as three-dimensional (3D) deviations at the entry and apex of the implant were measured. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons (ɑ = 0.05) were used to determine level of significance between the mean and variance deviation values. 95% confidence intervals and box plots were used to demonstrate the means and ranges of precision. Results: In terms of angulational deviation, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean deviations for both types of implants, p = 1.55 and p = 0.84 for wide and narrow ridge groups, respectively. However, the range of deviation was much larger in the narrow ridge of the BLX group compared to the BLT group. In both narrow ridge and wide ridge, the BLX group had lower mean 3D deviation values at both the entry and the apex with statistically significant differences for both entry point of the wide ridge (p = 0.027) and narrow ridge (p = 0.022) as well as at the apex of the wide ridge (p = 0.006) but not the apex of the narrow ridge (p = 0.142). Conclusion: The aggressive larger thread design of dental implants may influence the accuracy of implant placement more than the ridge dimension.