"Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" Titer over Time in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) after Acquisition from Infected Potato and Tomato Plants

Abstract

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šule) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a serious pest of potato and other solanaceous crops. B. cockerelli has been associated with the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso), the causal agent of zebra chip, a new and economically important disease of potato in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. The biology of liberibacter transmission to potato and other host plants by the potato psyllid is largely unknown. The current study determined Lso acquisition by adult psyllids following different acquisition access periods (AAP) on potato and tomato, quantified Lso titer over time in postacquisition psyllids, determined Lso-acquisition rate in psyllids at each AAP on each source of inoculum, and determined influence of host plant Lso titer on Lso acquisition rates and postacquisition titer in psyllids over time. Results showed that Lso detection rates and titer increased over time in psyllids following AAPs of 8,24, and 72 h on tomato and potato and Lso titer was highest when psyllids acquired Lso from tomato versus potato. Lso titer ranged from 200- to 400-fold higher in tomato leaves, petioles, and stems than those of potato. The increase of Lso titer in the insects reached a plateau after an average of 15 d following 24 and 72 h AAP on potato or tomato. At this 15-d plateau, Lso titer in postacquisition psyllids was comparable with that of infective psyllids from the Lso-infected laboratory colony. Lso-acquisition rate in psyllids fed on potato and tomato increased up to 5 and 20, 15 and 35, 35 and 75, and 80 and 100%, respectively, when the insects were allowed access to plants for 4, 8, 24, and 72 h, respectively.