Adaptive azimuth control for photovoltaic panels: enhancing energy yield under dynamic solar conditions in the UAE

Abstract

This work analyzes the impact of fluctuating photovoltaic (PV) azimuth angles on energy harvesting efficiency, with a focus on the moderately challenging yet rewarding environmental conditions of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A comparative evaluation of experimental results and simulation-based models demonstrates significant efficiency improvements through adaptive azimuth adjustment, as opposed to fixed-angle installations. Research conducted on a prototype suggests that optimal azimuth modulation can lead to a 15% increase in daily electricity production, with overall gains reaching up to 20% after one month of trials. Seasonal analysis indicates that maximum efficiency improvements occur during the summer, owing to longer daylight hours and increased solar irradiation. However, notable performance enhancements—up to 10%—are also observed during winter, compared to fixed-panel systems. The study highlights the critical role of azimuth orientation in improving PV system performance and highlights the advantages of adaptive modulation in addressing challenges such as high solar trajectories and varying irradiance levels. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing PV orientation strategies and optimizing renewable energy planning in arid, high-irradiance regions like the UAE.