Combining Device-Aided Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series and a Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and subcutaneous apomorphine infusion are device-aided therapies (DATs) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We present a case series from the Cretan PD Registry who required 2 DATs for optimal management along with a systematic review of similar studies. Cases: From 2009 to 2020, we retrospectively studied all PD patients who were simultaneously treated with 2 DATs. Six patients on DBS required an infusion treatment for persisting or re-emergent fluctuations because of disease progression. Two patients on LCIG infusion received DBS as a levodopa-sparing strategy because of drug-induced complications. Fluctuations and quality of life improved in all patients. Literature review: We identified 4 case series, 1 prospective and 1 retrospective study that included a total of 50 DBS-treated patients who required an infusion therapy. Improvement in motor outcomes, assessed in different ways, was a constant finding. Conclusions: Selected PD patients on 1 DAT may experience additional benefit from a second DAT, for several reasons along the course of their disease. Although infusion therapies optimize dopaminergic drug delivery in fluctuating DBS-treated patients, DBS added on LCIG treatment has an additive symptomatic effect that allows levodopa dose reduction in patients with drug-induced side effects.