Evaluation of the averaged parasympathetic tone activity and its dynamic variation to assess intraoperative nociception in relation to hemodynamic changes in dogs

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the performance of the averaged parasympathetic tone activity (PTAm) and its dynamic variation (ΔPTA) to assess intraoperative nociception in relation to heart rate (HR) and direct mean arterial pressure (MAP) in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy. This prospective, observational, clinical study included 32 bitches. The PTAm, HR, MAP, and bispectral index (BIS) were assessed before (pre-stimulus), as well as 1 min and 2 min after, four surgical stimuli: insufflation, introduction of trocars, and removal of the left and right ovaries. A two-way ANOVA was performed to compare PTAm, HR, MAP, and BIS data across surgical stimuli. A ≥ 20% drop in PTAm or a ≥ 20% increase in HR and/or MAP regarding the pre-stimulus values was considered a PTAm-drop and/or a hemodynamic response, respectively. The performance of PTAm pre-stimulus, PTAm 1 min, and ΔPTA in predicting the hemodynamic response was assessed by calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At insufflation, PTAm decreased after 1 (p = 0.010) and 2 (p = 0.045)min, and ΔPTA was different (p = 0.005) between dogs that presented hemodynamic response and dogs that did not. At PTAm-drop, MAP increased after 1 min (p = 0.001) and 2 min (p = 0.001) with respect to pre-stimulus value, whereas HR and BIS did not change. ROC curves showed a threshold value of PTAm pre-stimulus ≤51 to detect hemodynamic response (sensitivity 69%, specificity 52%). The PTAm and ΔPTA only assessed intraoperative nociception during insufflation. The PTAm pre-stimulus association to the hemodynamic response in anaesthetized dogs showed poor sensitivity and no specificity.