Vesiculin derived from IGF-II drives increased islet cell mass in a mouse model of pre-diabetes

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Abstract

Pancreatic islet-cell function and volume are both key determinants of the maintenance of metabolic health. Insulin resistance and islet-cell dysfunction often occur in the earlier stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression. The ability of the islet cells to respond to insulin resistance by increasing hormone output accompanied by increased islet-cell volume is key to maintaining blood glucose control and preventing further disease progression. Eventual β-cell loss is the main driver of full-blown T2D and insulin-dependency. Researchers are targeting T2D with approaches that include those aimed at enhancing the function of the patient’s existing β-cell population, or replacing islet β-cells. Another approach is to look for agents that enhance the natural capacity of the β-cell population to expand. Here we aimed to study the effects of a new putative β-cell growth factor on a mouse model of pre-diabetes. We asked whether: 1) 4-week’s treatment with vesiculin, a two-chain peptide derived by processing from IGF-II, had any measurable effect on pre-diabetic mice vs vehicle; and 2) whether the effects were the same in non-diabetic littermate controls. Although treatment with vesiculin did not alter blood glucose levels over this time period, there was a doubling of the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) detectable in the islets of treated pre-diabetic but not control mice and this was accompanied by increased insulin- and glucagon-positive stained areas in the pancreatic islets.

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Lee, K. L., Aitken, J. F., Li, X., Montgomery, K., Hsu, H. L., Williams, G. M., … Cooper, G. J. S. (2022). Vesiculin derived from IGF-II drives increased islet cell mass in a mouse model of pre-diabetes. Islets, 14(1), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/19382014.2021.1982326

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