Peptic digestion of streptococcal M protein: I. Effect of digestion at suboptimal pH upon the biological and immunochemical properties of purified M protein extracts

Abstract

Purified streptococcal M protein vaccines often produce non type specific immunotoxic reactions in the skin or the blood of humans. In an attempt to free the type specific M antigen (TSM) of such non type specific (NTSM) immunotoxic properties, purified M protein preparations were subjected to brief periods (5 to 10 min) of enzymatic digestion in dilute solutions of pepsin (20 μg/ml) at pH 5.0. Such peptic digestion abolished the ability of M protein to aggregate platelets in human platelet rich plasma and to precipitate plasma fibrinogen. It greatly reduced (up to 16 fold) the capacity of M protein to react with the NTSM complement fixing antibody that is normally present in human serum. In contrast, it had no effect upon the reactivity of the type specific M antigen; the pepsin treated M protein retained its ability to inhibit type specific streptococcal opsonization by homologous M antibody, and, moreover, retained its ability to elicit type specific opsonic antibody responses in rabbits.