Automatic gating of attributes in deep structure

Abstract

Deep structure has been widely applied in a large variety of fields for its excellence of representing data. Attributes are a unique type of data descriptions that have been successfully utilized in numerous tasks to enhance performance. However, to introduce attributes into deep structure is complicated and challenging, because different layers in deep structure accommodate features of different abstraction levels, while different attributes may naturally represent the data in different abstraction levels. This demands adaptively and jointly modeling of attributes and deep structure by carefully examining their relationship. Different from existing works that treat attributes straightforwardly as the same level without considering their abstraction levels, we can make better use of attributes in deep structure by properly connecting them. In this paper, we move forward along this new direction by proposing a deep structure named Attribute Gated Deep Belief Network (AG-DBN) that includes a tunable attribute-layer gating mechanism and automatically learns the best way of connecting attributes to appropriate hidden layers. Experimental results on a manually-labeled subset of ImageNet, a-Yahoo and a-Pascal data set justify the superiority of AG-DBN against several baselines including CNN model and other AG-DBN variants. Specifically, it outperforms the CNN model, VGG19, by significantly reducing the classification error from 26.70% to 13.56% on a-Pascal.