Novel approaches in peripheral nerve repair: a review of current and emerging therapies

Abstract

The peripheral nervous system is a complex anatomical structure essential for the normal functioning of the human body. Defects in peripheral nerves can lead to significant morbidity and a marked decline in quality of life. These defects may arise iatrogenically, from trauma, or as a result of degeneration. Among these, head and neck surgeons most frequently encounter nerve damage or sacrifice during surgical procedures. In the treatment of head and neck cancer, nerve resection - whether complete or partial - is often necessary, compromising the nerve’s anatomic and functional integrity. Despite advances in treatment, a well-defined, universally accepted paradigm for the functional rehabilitation of patients with sensory or motor deficits remains elusive. This review summarizes recent breakthroughs in peripheral nerve repair, highlights novel repair strategies, and identifies critical gaps that must be addressed to advance the field.