Experiências dos cuidadores de pessoas com adoecimento psíquico em face à reforma psiquiátrica: Produção do cuidado, autonomia, empoderamento e resolubilidade

Abstract

This study aims to understand the family role in the care and deinstitutionalisation processes, and how the family has been experiencing the forward-looking and anti-asylum proposal for the substitute services provision as a public policy. This is a qualitative and hermeneutical critical study conducted in two Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), each in a different city in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. The study had as volunteers 29 employees, 13 users and 16 caregivers, who participated in the groups to the users of CAPS and his/her family members. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará and complied with the ethical principles set out in Resolution 196/96. The semi-structured interview and thematic focus group methods were used to collect the data. The results show that the caregivers relate their practice to zeal actions, involvement, concern and responsibility. The caregivers’ participation and empowerment in the dialogue with users address the search for autonomy, for emancipatory projects, for an effective relational improvement and critical user vision for the organization of health services and of social reality. The resolution of attention is presented as inefficient and discriminatory, threatening the care management and the caregivers’ hopes in the psychiatric reform assumptions. It was concluded that a problem-solving proposal requires new policies and organizational possibilities, anchored in care practices which prioritize the autonomy strengthening and individuals’ empowerment.