ESTABLISHMENT AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE SPRUCE IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

Abstract

Survival and growth of white spruce seedlings and juvenile trees were compared on two seedbeds, three forest sites, and a range of light conditions in the central interior of British Columbia. For germination, the most favourable seedbed was mineral soil in shade on moist and wet sites; for survival, mineral soil, dry habitats, partial shade; for growth, mineral soil, moist habitats, full light exposure.