Sonography in male infertility: a look beyond the obvious

Abstract

Infertility affects 15–20% of the reproductive age range population; the male factor accounts for up to 40–60% of these. With female factor infertility catching most of the limelight in research, diagnosis and treatment, the other half of the problem has not been duly addressed. Imaging has an important role to play in the evaluation of male infertility, especially to identify correctible (obstructive) causes. We review the scrotal, trans-rectal sonographic and Doppler findings in infertile men to aid in the accurate diagnosis and proper management of such patients.