Collaborative modification strategy to improve the formation of biochar-derived persistent free radicals for aniline removal via peroxymonosulfate activation

Abstract

Heteroatom N and Na2CO3 modifications synergistically affect the PFRs formation on biochar. Pyridinic ring, with or without oxygenated groups, was the main sources of PFRs. PFRs-mediated catalytic oxidation dominated aniline degradation. SO4⋅− and O2⋅− generation significantly depends on PFRs concentration. Both O2⋅− radicals and 1O2 non-radicals contributed to aniline degradation.