Fenologia da floração, morfologia floral e sistema de incompatibilidade em espécies distílicas de Rubiaceae em fragmento florestal do Sudeste brasileiro

Abstract

This work was carried out at the Estação de Pesquisa, Treinamento e Educação Ambiental Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, a forest fragment in the Atlantic Forest. Its main objective was to analyze the flowering phenology, floral morphology, and incompatibility system of the distylous species of Rubiaceae: Palicourea longepedunculata Gardner, P. marcgravii A. St.-Hil., Psychotria conjugens Müll. Arg., P. hastisepala Müll. Arg., P. hygrophiloides Benth., P. nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Wawra, P. sessilis Vell. and Rudgea lanceolata Nutt. It also aimed to verify whether the floral morphs were in balanced equilibrium. The flowering in the species of Psychotria conjugens, P. hastisepala, P. hygrophiloides and P. sessilis were sequential, occurring during the rainy season (September through March). Significant differences were observed in the lengths of the stamens and styles between the thrum and pin flowers, except for P. hygrophiloides, in which only thrum flowers could be observed. Furthermore, dimorphism was observed in the length of stigmatic lobules, corollas, corolla lobules and anthers. Flowers opened in the morning lasting about 24 h, except for P. nuda flowers, that lasted 48 h. In most of the species the floral morph ratio was 1:1, except P. marcgravii, P. conjugens and P. hygrophiloides. Heteromorphic self-incompatibility was observed with growth inhibition of the incompatible pollen tubes occurring in the stigma of most of the species analyzed, except for the pin morphs of P. longepedunculata and P. hastisepala, in which reaction occurred in the style.