Factors affecting sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Iran

Abstract

Background: Diabetes type 2 is a chronic metabolic disease with major physical and health problems that is on the rise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Kosar Hospital of Semnan city (Iran) in 2018. The sampling was convenient. The data collection tools were four questionnaires including demographic-clinical variables, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Beck depression inventory II questionnaire. The data was analyzed by STATA 14 and the crude and adjusted coefficient regression (β) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results: The mean (± S.D) of age was 58.70 (± 12.16) years and 60% were female. The multivariate linear regression model showed depression (β = 0.11; 95% CI 0.07–0.16) and sex (β = 1.24; 95% CI 0.17–2.30) are the most important predictors of sleep quality in diabetic patients. However, only underlying disease (β = 1.73; 95% CI 0.33–3.12) was the most important predictors of daily sleep disorder in diabetic patients. Conclusions: Depression and sex were the most important predictors of sleep quality in diabetic patients; therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to these factors in the design of sleep disorder prevention and control programs.