Sex-Embryo Determination Using the Heart Rate as a Non-destructive Method in the Avian Species: Study on Japanese Quail (Cortunix japonica)

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the mega-biodiversity countries, with many plant species that are useful as medicine. Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam), found in Jayawijaya, Papua, is empirically believed to have numerous health benefits due to having a huge amount of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity effect of red fruit fractions against breast cancer in T47D cells and oral cancer in KB cells compare to doxorubicin. Methanol extracts were fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography using silica gel H60 and eluting solvents n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and methanol in various ratios. In this experimental in-vitro study design, T47D cells and KB cells were induced by four red fruit fractions (I, II, IV, VI) with 6 concentrations (0.0625 μl, 0.125 μl, 0.25 μl, 0.50 μl, 1.00 μl, 2.00 μl) and Doxorubicin as positive control used in this cytotoxicity assay. All data were analyzed by One way ANOVA and Tukey HSD with α = 0.05. The result showed that all red fruit fractions reduced the viability of T47D cells and KB cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Red fruit fraction IV 1 μl had the best cytotoxic effect, which caused 71.48% cell death in T47D cells and 81.03% in KB cells. It can be concluded that all red fruit fractions showed cytotoxicity effect towards breast cancer in T47D cell and oral squamous cell cancer in KB cell. Fraction IV red fruit showed the best effectiveness as anticancer in breast and oral squamous cancer.