Polio eradication - Global initiative; strategy challenged in Kerala, India

Abstract

The 'polio eradication initiative' launched by the World Health Assembly in 1988, although successfully implemented in several countries, could not achieve the goal of global eradication by the year 2000. It has components on strengthening routine immunization system, observance of National Immunization Days (NIDs) and strengthening of surveillance for Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP). Recently, this strategy was challenged in Kerala, India. Kerala has excellent health indicators compared with other Indian states. In 1999, Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization (IPPI) was introduced with four NIDs throughout India. More than 2000 doctors working under the Kerala Government challenged the strategy, demanding its redesign. Zero prevalence of polio for 2 years, near-complete coverage of children by the routine system, probable business interests of vaccine manufactures and suppliers, dubious interests of officials, and weakening of the routine system by concentrating more on NIDs were all cited as reasons for discontinuing current strategy. The authorities, citing the success stories of polio eradication by the global initiative in several countries, discard the allegations as baseless. They alleged that the medical officers who were on strike demanding higher pay and better conditions were using the 'polio issue' to win their strike. The incidence of two polio cases in Malappuram in northern Kerala during September 2000 has further complicated the issue. As the controversy continues it is felt that the 'eradication initiative' will have to be revisited.