Inhibition of phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin synthase activities as possible mechanistic insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of Brenania brieyi methanol and chloroform fractions

Abstract

Objectives: The pharmacological basis of anti-inflammatory agents is geared toward maintaining body homeostasis. This study investigated the scientific underpinning and mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of root bark of Brenania brieyi. Material and Methods: The plant material was extracted with a mixture of methanol and chloroform (2:1) and fractionated with 0.2 volume water. Egg albumin-induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models were used to investigate anti-inflammatory activity while the possible mechanisms of actions were evaluated using standard methods. Results: Significant (P < 0.05) reduction in edema and granuloma tissue formation were recorded in fractions treated groups compared with the normal control. There was a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of membrane hemolysis and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)activity by the fractions compared with the standard drugs, indomethacin, and prednisolone, respectively. Both fractions significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited prostaglandin (PG) synthase and nitric oxide radical activities compared with the control. However, varying doses of both fractions did not inhibit leukocyte migration compared with rats in indomethacin and control groups. The methanol fraction was found to be more potent in most of the tests. Conclusion: These results show that B. brieyi root bark has anti-inflammatory activity, and the potential underlying mechanisms of its action are inhibition of PLA2 and PG involved in inflammatory responses.