The physical properties and ion release of CPP-ACP-modified calcium silicate-based cements

Abstract

Background This study investigated the physical properties and ion release of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-modified calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and compared the properties of a trial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with two commercially available CSCs, Biodentine™ and Angelus® MTA. Methods The setting time, solubility, compressive strength and Vickers surface microhardness of the three CSCs incorporated with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP were investigated. Release of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate ions (Pi) and pH of the test cements were measured after 24, 72, 168 and 336 h of storage. Results The addition of up to 1.0% CPP-ACP into Biodentine™ and 0.5% into the other cements did not adversely affect their physical properties except for the setting time. The addition of 0.5% CPP-ACP increased Ca2+ released from Biodentine™ (after 168 and 336 h), Angelus® MTA (after 168 h) and the trial MTA (after 72 h). The addition of 1.0-3.0% CPP-ACP increased Ca2+ and Pi released from all the cements. Biodentine™ released more Ca2+ particularly in the early stages and showed shorter setting time and higher mechanical properties than the other cements. The mechanical properties of Angelus® MTA and the trial MTA were similar. All the cements produced highly alkaline storage solutions. Conclusions Up to 1.0% CPP-ACP in Biodentine™ improves Ca2+ and Pi release and 0.5% CPP-ACP in Angelus® MTA and the trial MTA improves Ca2+ release without altering the mechanical properties and solubility. The addition of CPP-ACP into CSCs prolonged the setting time.