Effects of LED Lighting Technology on Morphology, Antioxidant activity, and the Bioactive Compounds Accumulation of Anoectochilus burmannicus in the Greenhouse System

Abstract

Anoectochilus burmannicus is valued for medicinal and ornamental purposes. It is characterized by beautiful foliage with attractively red-purple with bronze-colored veins blotches. Kinsenoside is an active compound in A. burmannicus which provided anti-inflammation properties, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) light quality on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant activities, and the accumulation of bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids) in A. burmannicus. Plants of A. burmannicus were grown under 6 different LED lighting in the greenhouse system for 60 days. The 6 treatments were blue light (BL, 24 h), cool light (CL, 24 h), natural light (NL, 12 h), red:blue 1:1 light (RBL, 24 h), red light (RL, 24 h), and warm light (WL, 24 h). The results showed that A. burmannicus plants have a positive effect on the growth and bioactive compounds under LED lights (24 h) technology compared to natural light (12 h). The WL treatment had the most positive effect on morphological parameters, while the BL treatment showed an enhancement in fresh weight and dry weight. NL treatment is increased the Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b content. The Carotenoid content increased in the RBL treatment phenolics content was considered tent were considered to be superior to the BL treatment. The total flavonoid content is increased in the RL and RBL treatments. The antioxidant activity of ABTS was significantly higher in the RBL treatment. This indicates that BL is required for the normal growth, biomass, and accumulation of polysaccharides and phenolic of A. burmannicus, while RBL is enhanced the accumulation of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. This technology is conducive to achieving large-scale sustainable production of high-quality medicinal plant materials.