Amputation in Trauma—How to Achieve a Good Result from Lower Extremity Amputation Irrespective of the Level

Abstract

Purpose of Review: To provide an overview of patient management and surgical technique regarded as best practice in optimising outcome following primary and secondary amputation in trauma patients. This is supported by evidence where available. Recent Findings: There is increasing evidence that primary amputation may offer superior outcome to reconstruction in severe open lower limb injuries, particularly segmental trauma involving the foot and tibia. Similarly, patients considering complex reconstructive procedures for failed trauma management should be counselled that reported outcomes are equivalent or better following amputation and are achieved faster and with less complications. Patients should be fully informed of this when making decisions about management, though this needs to be individualised. Various surgical techniques have been associated with improved outcome and these are described herein. Careful peri-operative pain management has been associated with faster rehabilitation, better psychological response and a reduced risk of chronic pain. On discharge, patients should be linked to rehabilitation, prosthetic and clinical psychology services and these should be integrated where possible. Summary: A holistic, multidisciplinary approach is recommended in all aspects of care and should be available from the outset. Patients should be optimised medically and functionally, where possible pre-operatively. Psychological assessment and early information sharing are recommended. Where this is not possible due to acuity, these issues should be addressed as soon as possible post-amputation. Particularly where the limb is severely injured, careful planning and joint operating by senior Orthopaedic, Plastic and Vascular surgeons can achieve the best results.