Isolation and characterization of Boudabousia marimammalium from a mangrove habitat: identification of dual-function antimicrobial and anticancer peptides

Abstract

Actinomycetes were isolated from mangrove soil samples and cultivated on starch casein nitrate (SCN) medium. The isolate was identified as Boudabousia marimammalium through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X. Microscopic examination revealed filamentous mycelia with spirally coiled spore chains bearing cylindrical, hairy spores with curved edges, consistent with the genus morphology. Crude protein was extracted, partially purified (11.52-fold), and quantified (0.195 mg/mL, 8.48% recovery). Antimicrobial activity was tested against a panel of bacterial pathogens, and anticancer potential was evaluated using PC3 prostate cancer cells. LC-MS was employed for compound identification. The crude protein extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris (22 ± 0.6 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (15 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus cereus (13 ± 0.6 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14 ± 0.6 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (10 ± 0.6 mm). It also showed anticancer activity, causing 37.43% growth inhibition of PC3 cells at 200 µg. LC-MS analysis identified a dipeptide with a molecular weight of 351.45 Da, corresponding to Tryprostatin B, a known bioactive compound. The isolate B. marimammalium from mangrove soil produces bioactive peptides with dual antimicrobial and anticancer properties.