Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and colored fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus interna (GPi)

Abstract

Introduction The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) are the most common surgical targets for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We studied directionally colored fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences to better target these anatomical regions. Methods Four patients undergoing stereotactic surgery for movement disorders were studied. Stereotactic targets and fiber tractography were determined on MRIs using the Schaltenbrand-Wahren atlas for definition in the iPlan software. In addition, post-operative imaging was fused to preoperative FA sequences for end-result identification. Axial, sagittal, and coronal images of the FA sequence were studied. DTI parameters used ranged from 2 to 4 mm for voxel size in the x/y/z planes, fiber length was kept constant at 15 mm and FA threshold of 0.25. Results Colored FA maps resulted in a key signature in and around the STN and GPi. Regions identified include, but were not limited to: the internal capsule, nigral projections, the thalamic fasciculus, Forel's fields H1 and H2, zona incerta, suthalamic fasciculus, tegmental tracts, and\ cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract. Conclusions Colored FA maps allow a potential method to identify the STN and GPi accurately. DTI has proven to be a powerful tool that can be used to augment identification of the STN nucleus and GPi used for stereotactic surgery. © The Author(s) 2010.