Impact of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals-Gelatin/Cinnamon Essential Oil Emulsion Coatings on the Quality Attributes of ‘Red Delicious’ Apples

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)-gelatin (GelA)/cinnamon essential oil (CEO) emulsion coatings containing various CEO concentrations (1200, 1800, and 2400 µL/L) in retarding ripening and senescence of ‘Red Delicious’ apples during cold storage (60 days at 4◦C). Coatings decreased the weight loss (WL) (~3.6%), as com-pared to uncoated fruit (~4.8%). A direct relationship between CEO concentration and respiration rate/ethylene production was also disclosed. Flesh firmness was higher for coated samples, with better results detected especially when the highest amount of CEO was applied (36.48 N for the 2400 µL/L delivered dose vs. 32.60 N for the 1200 µL/L one). These findings were corroborated by additional tests on the surface color, total acidity, soluble solids content, pH, ascorbic acid, and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). This study demonstrated the capability of BCNCs-GelA/CEO systems to dramatically enhance the storability and quality of apples during refrigerated storage, thus avoiding undesired losses and increasing the economic performance of fresh fruit industries.