Caracterização imunofenotípica das células plasmáticas em pacientes portadores de mieloma múltiplo

Abstract

Introduction and objective; Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy characterized by the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells in bone marrow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and prognostic value of the expression of aberrant phenotypes in patients with multiple myeloma by multiparametric flow cytometry. Methods; The study was carried out at Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Federal University of São Paulo and 30 patients with MM were analyzed prospectively. In an attempt to identify myeloma cells by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur, BD), specific monoclonal antibodies anti-CD138, anti-CD38 and anti-CD45 were used for the selection of plasma cells. The control group comprised four healthy bone marrow donors. Results: All myeloma plasma cells expressed at least one aberrant phenotype and CD56 +++, CD117++, CD33++, CD13++ and CD28++ markers were more frequently observed in 88% of patients. Lymphoid markers were found in cases with a higher number of aberrant phenotypes. Discussion: CD56+++and CD28++ antigens showed high levels of β2-microglobulin, which are associated with more aggressive stages of the disease and larger tumor mass. The absence of adhesion molecule CD56 was associated with high levels of β2M and calcium ion, showing that this finding may have prognostic value. Conclusion; From this study it was concluded that the aberrant phenotypes are present in most cases of MM, and immunophenotyping by multiparametric flow cytometry is a useful tool to distinguish normal plasma cells from myeloma plasma cells.