Magnetic Nanoparticle Coating Decreases the Senescence and Increases the Targeting Potential of Fibroblasts and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are intensely scrutinized for applications in emerging biomedical fields. Their potential use for drug delivery, tracking, and targeting agents or for cell handling is tested for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. The large majority of MNPs tested for biomedical use are coated with different lipids and natural or synthetic polymers in order to decrease their degradation process and to increase the ability to transport drugs or bioactive molecules. Our previous studies highlighted the fact that the as-prepared MNP-loaded cells can display increased resistance to culture-induced senescence as well as ability to target pathological tissues; however, this effect tends to be dependent on the cell type. Here, we assessed comparatively the effect of two types of commonly used lipid coatings, oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA), on normal human dermal fibroblasts and adipose-derived mesenchymal cells with culture-induced senescence and cell motility in vitro. OA and PA coatings improved MNPs stability and dispersibility. We found good viability for cells loaded with all types of MNPs; however, a significant increase was obtained with the as-prepared MNPs and OA-MNPs. The coating decreases iron uptake in both cell types. Fibroblasts (Fb) integrate MNPs at a slower rate compared to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). The as-prepared MNPs induced a significant decrease in beta-galactosidase (B-Gal) activity with a nonsignificant one observed for OA-MNPs and PA-MNPs in ADSCs and Fb. The as-prepared MNPs significantly decrease senescence-associated B-Gal enzymatic activity in ADSCs but not in Fb. Remarkably, a significant increase in cell mobility could be detected in ADSCs loaded with OA-MNPscompared to controls. The OA-MNPs uptake significantly increases ADSCs mobility in a wound healing model in vitro compared to nonloaded counterparts, while these observations need to be validated in vivo. The present findings provide evidence that support applications of OA-MNPs in wound healing and cell therapy involving reparative processes as well as organ and tissue targeting.