Outpatient follow-up of patients with broncopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease, it is frequent in premature infants who require mechanical ventilation and/or prolonged oxygen therapy. Objective: To retrospectively describe demographic characteristics, associated factors and comorbidities in patients with BPD from the Pediatric Pneumology Service of the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational study. 386 patients with BPD treated between 2014 and 2018 were evaluated. Neonatal, maternal and care variables were analyzed using STATA v.14 software. Results: 57.51% were male, with a gestational age of 31 weeks (range: 28 to 35), birth weight of 1,305 g (range 1,160 to 2,870 g); 73.83% were born before week 34. 95.34% were hospitalized between 1 and 3 times; 89.38% had between 1 and 10 visits with Pneumologist in the first two years of life and 26.94% used oxygen in the first visit. Patients with severe BDP used oxygen > 54.2 days (95% CI: 49.23 to 53.33; p = 0.0000). The most frequent comorbidity was neurological alteration (19.69%, p = 0.034) and the basic treatment was inhaled corticosteroids (p = 0.015) and salbutamol (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The characteristic of patients with moderate-severe BPD was the prolonged use of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen, where inhaled corticosteroids can be useful for outpatient management.