An Integrative Review of the Application of Orem’s Self-care Nursing Theory on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Self-care: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Diabetes incidence is rapidly increasing, and it is projected that by 2045, there will be at least 783 million individuals worldwide if nothing is done. In nursing practice, Orem’s self-care theory is known to be effective in managing chronic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this review is to examine studies on the use of Orem’s self-care theory in the self-care of T2DM patients. The literature was searched from digital libraries and databases (Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Springer, Wiley Online, SciELO, and Web of Science) between March and June 2023. Publications available in full text in English were used, the strength of evidence was graded in the first screening (source, level, and quality), and 13 publications were included in this review. The analyzed studies were from 8 countries, 4 (31%) of which were from Iran; most of the studies were experimental research (62%), and only one article (8%) used a case study approach. The review provides insights into the effectiveness of applying the theory but also suggests directions for further research, including addressing psychological aspects, adopting different methodologies, and using the theory in various cultural and regional contexts. This review highlights the evolving nature of the theory, which holds significant innovative potential in managing chronic diseases and offers hope and possibility for the future.