Fat Harvesting for Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue Injections: A Pilot Study Comparing Safety in Procedures Performed by Orthopedic and Plastic Surgeons

Abstract

Objective To compare short-term complication rates of small-volume adipose tissue harvesting for micro-fragmented adipose tissue (mFAT) knee injections performed by orthopedic surgeons with those performed by plastic surgeons. Additionally, to evaluate the orthopedic surgeon's learning curve. Methods The present case-control study enrolled patients with knee osteoarthritis. All patients underwent a single-stage procedure consisting of abdominal adipose tissue harvesting, processing of the extracted material using the Lipogems (Lipogems International SpA) device to obtain mFAT, which was then injected intra-articularly into the knee. The patients were divided into a test group, with harvesting being performed by a recently trained orthopedic surgeon, and a control group, in which the procedure was performed by an experienced plastic surgeon. Short-term adverse effects, minor and major complications related to harvesting, were assessed intraoperatively and at 7-day follow-up. Results No major complications (fat embolism, thromboembolic events, abdominal perforation, wound infection, dehiscence, or cosmetic changes) were observed in either group. Abdominal discomfort during harvesting, classified as a minor complication, showed no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.362). Postoperative adverse effects, such as abdominal ecchymosis (p = 0.362) and discomfort (p = 0.342), were equivalent in both groups and resolved within 7 days. Conclusion The present pilot study suggests that, with adequate training, orthopedic surgeons can perform small-volume adipose tissue harvesting with low complication rates, comparable to those achieved by plastic surgeons experienced in liposuction.