Toxicity of Radionuclides in Determining Harmful Effects on Humans and Environment

Abstract

1. Toxicity of Radionuclides All chemical elements and nuclides consolidated in system of elements on a base of periodic law. Nuclides are similar in texture, have a charge and an atomic weight etc. But some of them inherent property of radioactivity. Such elements and nuclides called radionuclides. Chemical elements and their compounds (substances) can negative impact on living organisms and ecosystems. Science of toxicology studies poisonous substances and their potential dangerous, mechanism of action of toxic substations, methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. One aspect of development of this science, in context of dangerous of radionuclides, is radiotoxicology. In conditions, personnel working at industries with combine chemical and radiation hazards there is a toxic load on humans and environment from chemical and radiation components of chemical elements and compounds. The examples for such enterprises are:  companies with extracting a mineral resource (iron ore, uranium and thorium ore, gravel, etc.);  processing of ores (including hydrometallurgical plants);  radioactive waste management (including reprocessing spent of nuclear fuel at chemical plants);  processing of enrichment uranium and thorium ores;  monitoring studies of tailings etc.