Liquefaction of gases and discovery of superconductivity: two very closely scientific achievements in low temperature physics

  • Reif-Acherman S
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Abstract

Liquefaction of helium and the discovery of superconductivity are two of the most striking developments in low temperature physics. The fact that both were carried out in the laboratories of Kamerlingh Onnes at Leiden is not mere coincidence; the first one was indispensable for the researches that led to the second one. On the same way, liquefaction of helium was the consequence of several decades of efforts addressed to the process for liquefy the so-called then 'permanent gases'. A whole study of this remarked subject must then include developments that extended, in his decisive step, more than a half of a century and that connect researches of many scientists throughout several European countries.A liquefação do hélio e a descoberta da supercondutividade são dois das mais surpreendentes desenvolvimentos da física de baixas temperaturas. O fato que ambas ocorreram no laboratório de Kammerlingh Onnes em Leiden, na Holanda, não é mera coincidência: o primeiro foi indispensável para que os pesquisadores pudessem chegar à segunda. Do mesmo modo, a liquefação do hélio culminou após décadas de esforços em liquefazer os chamados "gases permanentes". Um estudo mais completo deste assunto requer a discussão de estudos que se estenderam por mais de 50 anos, ligando pesquisadores de diferentes países europeus.

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Reif-Acherman, S. (2011). Liquefaction of gases and discovery of superconductivity: two very closely scientific achievements in low temperature physics. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, 33(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-11172011000200016

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