Statistical Distributions of Dayside ECH Waves Observed by MMS

Abstract

0.1 mV/m. In addition, besides the typical near-equatorial (|MLAT| = 15°) region, dayside ECH waves exhibit moderate occurrence rate and wave amplitude in higher latitudinal regions (i.e., 15 < |MLAT| = 40°), possibly due to the off-equatorial geomagnetic field minimum. Our reported double peaks of dayside ECH wave occurrence zone and considerable occurrence rates of prenoonside ECH waves suggest that dayside ECH waves can be a potentially important contributor to the formation of dayside diffuse aurora.