Coronaviruses

Abstract

Five swine coronaviruses (CoVs) have been identified: transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) first described in 1946; porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), a spike (S) gene deletion mutant of TGEV isolated in 1984; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) isolated in 1977; porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (pHEV) isolated in 1962; and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) detected in 2012. The chapter presents relevance, etiology, public health, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, lesions, diagnosis, immunity, and prevention and control of TGE, PRCV, PEDV, pHEV, and PDCoV. Swine CoVs contain one large, polyadenylated, singlestranded, genomic RNA of positive-sense polarity. The genome organization, replication strategy, and expression of viral proteins are similar to those of other human and animal CoVs. Most CoVs contain four structural proteins: a large surface glycoprotein, a small membrane protein (E), an integral membrane glycoprotein (M), and a nucleocapsid protein (N).