Online Education During the Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

With the pandemic, there was an urgent transition to online education. In this process, challenges were experienced while benefiting from the opportunities of online education. This research aims to identify the existing literature on online education in higher education institutions during the pandemic and to highlight the opportunities and challenges reported in research in this process. The study was carried out as a systematic literature review. The results show that maintaining social distance and increased confidence in the effectiveness of e-learning are the main opportunities. The lack of practice, especially in medical applications, limited ICT resources, and pedagogical deficiencies in online environments are shown as challenges of online education during the pandemic. It is thought that this study will make significant contributions to the online education process post-pandemic. The results from this study reinforce previous study findings and identify research that will make the online learning process more effective. Based on the results obtained, suggestions are given for future online learning studies.