Transient lower extremity lymphedema following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report

Abstract

Rationale: Complications from COVID-19 vaccines have yet to be sufficiently analyzed because they are rapidly approved without long-term data. In particular, there are no case reports of lymphedema in a healthy patient following vaccination. Herein, we report a patient who underwent transient lymphedema after vaccination with BNT16b2. Patient concerns: A 79-year-old woman with pitting edema in both lower legs after administration of a second dose of Pfizer vaccine was referred to our clinic. In the absence of clinical evidence of swelling during the laboratory evaluation, we suspected deep vein thrombosis. However, ultrasonographic findings revealed no evidence of venous thrombosis or varicose veins. Diagnosis: On the basis of lymphoscintigraphy, the patient was diagnosed with transient lymphedema with decreased lymphatic transport in both lower extremities. Intervention: The patient received intensive physiotherapy, including complex decongestive physiotherapy and pneumatic pump compression, to improve the lymphatic circulation. Furthermore, the patient was trained to apply a multilayer compressive bandage to the lower extremities. Outcomes: At 2 months follow-up after rehabilitative treatment, the patient’s symptoms improved without recurring lymphedema. Lessons: In the absence of clinical evidence of swelling during laboratory evaluation or ultrasonographic investigations suggesting deep vein thrombosis, we should consider the possibility of lymphatic disorders.