Commercial BWR Whole Core Calculations with MCNP5

Abstract

RNs and other health care providers experience WPV four times more often than those in all other U.S. private industries ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], 2015 ); much of this is accounted for by nurses in high-risk areas, such as psychiatric mental health and substance misuse treatment or other behavioral health settings, and by nurses in emergency departments and geriatric settings ( Dvorak, 2017 ; OSHA, 2015 ).Chronic stress not only negatively affects health care providers, but has implications for patients as well, including suboptimal patient care and medical errors ( Duarte, Pinto-Gouveia, & Cruz, 2016 ), negative patient satisfaction, and longer patient recovery times ( Raab, 2014 ).Ironically, although empathy and compassion are associated with positive patient outcomes, such as reducing anxiety in individuals with breast cancer ( Duarte et al., 2016 ) and improving end-of-life care for Veterans ( Williams, Bailey, Goode, & Burgio, 2016 ), empathy and compassion can put providers at risk for burnout ( Duarte et al., 2016 ) and compassion fatigue ( Raab, 2014 ; Sorenson, Bolick, Wright, & Hamilton, 2016 ) if they are unable to regulate their empathetic feelings ( Duarte et al., 2016 ).Additional evidence suggests that self-compassion and mindfulness can also enhance patient outcomes and patient satisfaction by improving interpersonal interactions ( He et al., 2015 ), reducing anxiety in individuals with breast cancer ( Duarte et al., 2016 ), and providing better metabolic control and fewer metabolic complications in individuals with diabetes ( Seppala, Hutcherson, Nguyen, Doty, & Gross, 2014 ).