Functional Porous Materials for Biomolecule Purification and Separation: Advances in Biotechnological Applications

Abstract

Functional porous materials have emerged as promising tools in biotechnology due to their high surface area, adjustable pore size, and an ability to be functionalized with different ligands. Due to these features, they selectively interact with biomolecules and perform highly efficient purification and separation processes. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of functional porous materials for bioseparation technologies, particularly affinity-based separation techniques such as nucleic acid isolation (NAI), boronate affinity chromatography (BAC), metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC), and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). This review summarizes the design, synthesis, and surface modification strategies of functional porous materials that play a critical role in improving purification efficiency, selectivity, and reusability, with a focus on their current and future applications in biomolecule separation and purification.