Physics of the French horn

Abstract

This study explored the French horn and its various properties that contribute to its unique timbre. With an emphasis on the role of the right hand, the variables studied were: type of material, manufacturer, right hand position with respect to the bell, the range of notes, and player. The project mainly included experiments at Loyola University Chicago and was supported using Northwestern University’s anechoic chamber. Horns are cylindrical-conical hybrids and are able to produce many harmonics, creating a rich sound. The right hand in the bell can be used for quick intonation adjustments and its placement has large effects on the timbre. Our analysis determined the variable that most contributed to the unique sound was the right hand position, while the type of horn (a combination of material and manufacturer) and the range of notes played also had moderate effects on timbre. We will present the theory surrounding the horn’s shape and various components, experimental procedure and analysis of our results. The significance of the results to the horn player will be discussed.