Stable and radiogenic isotopes in biological archaeology: Some applications

Abstract

Stable isotope geochemistry has had a significant impact in archaeology and anthropology of ancient peoples. Regional gradients in δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr are reflected in the bones and teeth of ancient humans and can be used to detect migration of individuals from their place of birth or early life. Studies of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bones and teeth reveal paleodiet but do not display strong geographic gradients in composition. Oxygen isotopic analyses of teeth trace changes in climate and seasonality of rainfall. Carbon isotopic analyses of soils and other surficial materials can reveal long-term shifts in regional climate. Strontium isotopic analyses of teeth reflect the geological environment i.e., the ages of rock formations and derived soils. Diagenesis of bones during burial can obscure isotopic tracers; these are minimized in tooth enamel. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.