Chapter 1: Systematic Reviews

Abstract

This is the first chapter in the section on best available evidence. Evidence-based practice requires the use of professional judgment to integrate the best available evidence and client variables, values, and preferences to select the best treatment for the client. A systematic review represents the best source of information about treatment effectiveness because it is based on a careful, transparent, and comprehensive review of the scientific literature. The process for conducting a systematic review is less biased than alternate forms of evidence. However systematic reviews are not entirely without bias. Experts make decisions while completing a systematic review that can influence the likelihood that treatments will be deemed effective or ineffective. This chapter familiarizes the reader with the process of conducting systematic reviews and describes both the strengths and limitations of this method.