Walking With Leg Blood Flow Restriction: Wide-Rigid Cuffs vs. Narrow-Elastic Bands

Abstract

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is becoming a popular form of exercise. Walking exercise in combination with pressurized wide-rigid (WR) cuffs elicits higher cardiac workload and a vascular dysfunction due presumably to reperfusion injury to the endothelium. In contrast, narrow-elastic (NE) BFR bands may elicit different hemodynamic effects. Therefore, we compared the acute cardiovascular responses to two distinct forms of BFR training during light-intensity exercise. Methods and Results: 15 young healthy participants (M = 9, F = 6) performed five bouts of 2-min walking intervals at 0.9 m/s with a 1-min rest and deflation period with either WR, NE, or no bands placed on upper thighs. Cuff pressure was inflated to 160 mmHg in WR cuffs and 300 mmHg in NE bands while no cuffs were used for the control. Increases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure were greater (p < 0.05) in the WR than the NE and control conditions. Double product increased to a greater extent in the WR than in the NE and control conditions. Increases in perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration were greater (p < 0.05) in the WR compared with the NE and control conditions (p < 0.05), while no differences emerged between the NE and control conditions. There were no changes in arterial stiffness or brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after all three trials. Conclusion: Use of WR BFR cuffs resulted in a marked increase in blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand compared with NE BFR bands, suggesting that NE bands present a safer alternative for at-risk populations to perform BFR exercise. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered in the Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03540147).