Kritik dan Penilaian Ibnu Qutaibah terhadap Puisi Arab dalam Kitab “ Al-Syi‘ru wa Al-Syu‘ara’ ”

Abstract

Included in the study of Arabic literature in general, there is literary criticism which is better known as naqd al-adab.even though it is included in literary studies, the discussion of naqd al-adab is not classified as imaginative or fictional, but is descriptive (al-adab al-waṣfî).In practice, the direction of the discussion of literary criticism, to be precise, literary works in the form of poetry / syi'ir are more focused on discussing the assessment of literary works based on the results of interpretation and analysis of understanding.Meanwhile in Arabic literature, literary criticism itself has appeared since the time before the arrival of Islam (the era of the Jahiliyah) and developed until the early emergence of Islam until it continues in the period after.This research is included in the literature review that understands and explores opinions with the historical figure approach. The primary source used in this research is the Kitab Al-Syi'ru wa Al-Syu'ara by Ibn Qutaibah.The data obtained is the opinion of Ibn Qutaibah in his criticism and assessment of Arabic poetry.The results of this study are that according to Ibn Qutaibah, there are four categories of assessment levels in Arabic poetry, including: 1. Poetry that is rated good and good both in terms of lafa pilihan choice (diction) and its meaning, 2. Poetry that is scored well only from its lafa l form, but not in its meaning, 3. Poetry that is considered good in terms of its meaning, but not in its meaning, 4. Poetry that is lafa and its meaning can only be understood and understood after reading both of them.And according to him there are four elements of defects in a poetry, 1) iqwa ', ikhfa', al-sinad, al-ijazah.