The relative age effect and the relationship between biological maturity and athletic performance in Austrian elite youth soccer players

Abstract

Purpose: Publications from recent years suggest that the biological developmental stage of underage athletes has a significant impact on their athletic performance. This scientific study is the first quantitative attempt in Austria to investigate the impact of the relative age effect and biological maturity on the physical performance of young elite soccer players. Methods: Birth data from a total of 98 male players in the U13 to U18 age groups of a first-division Austrian soccer club were collected. By measuring height, sitting height and body mass, the individual biological age was calculated using the Mirwald equation. The athletes underwent a standardized battery of tests, which included assessments of speed, strength and endurance. Results: The results indicate a significant effect of the relative age effect on player selection in the U14 and U15 teams (p < r < 0.69; all p ≤.001). Conclusion: Biological maturity and the associated anthropometric adaptations are decisive for athletic performance. The study supports the notion that biologically more mature players achieve better athletic performance than less mature players, especially before the onset of puberty.