Neuromodulation treatments for ADHD: The ABCs of eTNS

Abstract

In April 2019, the Food and Drug Ad- ministration (FDA) issued the first de- vice approval (FDA, 2019 ) for a neu- romodulation technique called external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) for the treatment of ADHD among children 8-12 years old. As the primary investi- gators of the clinical trial and authors of the published results (McGough et al., 2019) upon which the FDA de- vice approval is based, we now pres- ent background information, describe the treatment and treatment outcomes more fully, and answer questions that have been frequently asked in ensuing months.