Capacidad ftorremediadora de cinco especies altoandinas de suelos contaminados con metales pesados

Abstract

Phytoremediation consist in the use of plants to recover soil, sediments, water and air in situ, which have been contaminated by organic waste, nutrients or heavy metals, by removing pollutants from the environment or making them harmless. The evaluation work was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Lachaqui, Canta, Lima, from October 2011 to October 2012. Twenty treatments were evaluated with a 5 × 4 factorial design: 5 high elevation Andean species, and 4 substrates with 30%, 60%, 100% mine waste (MW) and tailings soil without MW. In Solanum nitidum, Brassica rapa, Fuertesimalva echinata, Urtica urens and Lupinus ballianus, the biomass production decrease significantly with the of 100 % mine waste treatment (MW). The major efficiency accumulation of lead and zinc was obtained in the roots of Fuertesimalva echinata with 100 % MW treatment, obtaining 2015.1 mg of lead kg-1 DM and 1024.2 mg of zinc kg-1 DM, this specie presented the major tolerance index (TI) to 100 % MW treatment, with 41.5 % TI. The highest cadmium accumulation was obtained in the roots of L. ballianus, with a concentration of 287.3 mg kg-1 DM with 100 % MW treatment, this species also had a 67.9% TI in 60% MW treatment. And finally, S. nitidum presented a 68.5 % TI in 60% MW treatment.