Antioxidant and Antidiabetic from Rhizophora mucronata Derived from Sambera Beach, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves. The R. mucronata leaf samples (1 kg) were extracted with methanol, followed by liquid-liquid partition extraction with dichloromethane, and finally ethyl acetate solvent. The extraction procedure was repeated three times for one 24-hour period. The phytochemical content of the three extracts was determined using the color test method, followed by an antioxidant activity test using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, and an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) to detect antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical contents of methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of R. mucronata mangrove leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract is categorized as extremely strong, with an IC50 value of 34.64 ppm. In addition, the ethyl acetate extracts reduced blood glucose levels in mice by 57.64% after 24 hours. The mangrove plant R. mucronata from the Sambera beach, particularly the ethyl acetate extract, has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and alternative anti-diabetic medicine.