Especies oportunistas de importancia clínica de los géneros Bipolaris Shoemaker y Curvularia Boedijn: su caracterización bajo los nuevos criterios taxonómicos

Abstract

The fungal genera Bipolaris and Curvularia, include numerous plant pathogenic species, saprophitic and some emerging opportunistic in man and other animals. The ecological distribution of both taxa is cosmopolitan in the vast majority of its members, often being in leaves, stems and roots of different grasses, especially Poaceae, but also in a variety of dicotyledonous, air and soil on all continents. Cochliobolus, Bipolaris and Curvularia integrate a complex of species taxonomically confusing due to the constant changes in the nomenclature of some of its asexual members (Bipolaris and Curvularia), which are differentiated mainly based on the morphology of its conidia, a situation sometimes very difficult because in both genera conidial of some species have similar characteristics. Careful identification and a precise nomination of species is crucial for access to information concerning in modern literature, actually thanks to molecular biology has solved many of the doubts of taxonomy based only on the phenotype. The species of both genera (mainly Curvularia) can affect immunocompetent or debilitate patients, especially B. cynodontis, C. australiensis, C. hawaiensis and C.spicifera, causing various superficial or systemic clinical cases in many geographic areas. The objectives of this paper are intended only to provide for medical mycologist dedicated to the laboratory, the most significant developments in the nomenclature, taxonomy and molecular biology of the common species of clinical importance of both genera. Also included as a primary objective, descriptions, figures, keys and the current literature useful in identifying the causative agents, without forgetting the value of its senbility against modern antifungals. It is also advisable, if the laboratory is low in complexity, must derive its isolated tu a international reference center to confirm the diagnostic by molecular biology. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]