Trigonelline and other betaines in species of laminariales

Abstract

A collection of Laminariales species was made with examples in each of the presently recognized families of the order. Extracts of each species were examined for betaines, using primarily 1H NMR spectroscopy for their identification. Glycinebetaine was detected in all species tested and would appear to be a consistent feature of the Laminariales. γ-Aminobutyric acid betaine was found in all species of Laminaria examined and in three of the five Saccharina species (family Laminariaceae), but was not detected in species of either other genera of the family or in those of other Laminariales families. Trigonelline was found in some Laminaria and Saccharina species, as well as in the north Pacific species Postelsia palmaeformis (Laminariaceae), Pseudochorda nagaii (Pseudochordaceae) and Akkesiphycus lubricus (Akkesiphycaceae).