Validation of the Usefulness of the Diameter Reduction, Spiral Shape, Flow Impairment, or Adverse Morphology Classification System in Real-World Clinical Practice

Abstract

Aim: The accuracy of the DISFORM (diameter reduction, spiral shape, flow impairment, or adverse morphology) classification system has not been validated. Methods: This retrospective multicenter observational study enrolled 288 consecutive patients with lower extremity artery disease who underwent endovascular therapy with drug-coated balloons for femoropopliteal lesions between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were classified into DISFORM I–IV groups. Primary patency (PP) and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 12 months, and recurrence predictors at 12 months were investigated. Results: In total, 183, 66, 11, and 28 patients were classified into DISFORM I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively. In the DISFORM I, II, III, and IV groups, the PP rates were 75.3%, 91.1%, 87.5%, and 50.0%, respectively, and freedom from CD-TLR rates were 86.0%, 91.6%, 88.9%, and 76.7%, respectively, at 12 months. In the DISFORM I–III and IV groups, the PP rates were 79.4% and 50.0%, respectively, and freedom from CD-TLR rates were 87.5% and 76.7%, respectively, at 12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that chronic limb-threatening ischemia, DISFORM IV, and Lutonix™ use were independent predictors of PP loss at 12 months. Conclusion: DISFORM IV had a lower PP rate than DISFORM I–III in midterm phase.